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Attenuation of X-Ray Radiation
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Attenuation of the radiation intensity I of monochromatic (mono-energetic) rays while travelling through a homogeneous material with thickness d and attenuation coefficient μ:
I(d)=I0⋅e−μ⋅d
with e−μ⋅d being the attenuation factor

What is the thickness of a material that absorbs exactly half of the rays intensity?
I/I0=e−μ⋅d=0.5
D12=ln2μ
ln2≈0.7